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Research on Nanotechnology Coating of Chinese Tool Coating Materials
With the rapid advancement of nanotechnology and coating techniques, nano-tool coatings have become a focal point for researchers. These coatings are mainly categorized into two types: nano-multilayer and nano-composite structures. Nano-multilayer coatings consist of multiple alternating layers, typically less than 5 to 15 nm thick, creating an artificially controlled one-dimensional periodic structure. These layers often include materials with similar atomic radii and lattice parameters, leading to enhanced mechanical and chemical properties that differ from those of individual components.
Chu and Barnett proposed that the high hardness of these coatings is primarily attributed to the difficulty in dislocation movement between layers. When the layer thickness is extremely small, differences in shear modulus can hinder dislocation motion, making it harder for the material to deform. This dislocation energy plays a crucial role in determining the overall hardness of the nano-multilayer structure.
The fabrication of nano-multilayer coatings usually follows three main configurations: (1) alternating layers of metal nitride and aluminum nitride (AlN); (2) alternating layers of AlN and aluminum carbonitride (AlCN); and (3) alternating layers of metal nitride with both AlN and AlCN. To further enhance the performance of these coatings, other metals such as titanium, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium, or chromium may be incorporated during deposition. This improves not only hardness but also chemical stability, toughness, and oxidation resistance.
Research on TiN/AlN nano-multilayer coatings has shown that when the layer thickness is around 2–4 nm, AlN adopts a cubic NaCl structure, resulting in a microhardness of 30–40 GPa. These coatings can withstand oxidation temperatures up to 1000°C. Additionally, AlN/TiAlN nano-multilayer films deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition exhibit excellent hardness, adhesion, and wear resistance, making them ideal for high-performance cutting tools and industrial applications.