Iron ore beneficiation - gravity dressing

Gravity ore dressing is referred to as re-election. Reselection is classifying the iron ore, in particular, is an important method of weakly magnetic iron ore beneficiation. Generally, it can be divided into heavy medium beneficiation, jigging beneficiation, trampoline beneficiation and chute beneficiation. Heavy medium ore dressing and jigging beneficiation are mainly applied in China's iron ore concentrating plant under coarse-grained conditions, and qualified tailings are separated, and the obtained coarse concentrate is reprocessed. Shaker beneficiation has high precision and large enrichment ratio, but the unit area is low in processing capacity and large in area. In some concentrating plants, it is used for the recovery of weak magnetic iron minerals, which is not common. The chute dressing is used in China's iron ore dressing plant. The spiral chute is used to obtain qualified concentrates with coarser grains. Centrifugal concentrators are also used in the treatment of fine-grained materials. The re-election process has low operating costs and little pollution to water, soil and the surrounding environment, and has received great attention.

A heavy medium dressing

The heavy medium dressing equipment includes a heavy medium vibration chute, a cylindrical and conical heavy medium concentrator, a heavy medium cyclone and a heavy medium vortexer with a lower limit of 0.5 mm. The heavy medium vibration chute was first developed in 1953 by the Stripa concentrator in Sweden. It is used to select the mixed ore of hematite and magnetite. The specification is 1000mm x 5500mm and the treatment capacity is 30~50t/h. In the case of 40.40% of the original ore grade, the technical index of 50.31% concentrate yield, 62.80% grade, 78.20% iron recovery rate and 17.73% tailings grade is obtained. The Strassa plant in Sweden processes the mixed ore of magnetite and hematite. The tailings of the +8mm ore after dry crushing are treated by 1250mm x 6000mm heavy medium vibrating chute, and the heavy medium is red. Iron ore, recycled. The US Sunrise Concentrator handles both earthy and massive hematite ore, which are mainly silica and alumina. Two sets of 2440mm x 2440mm cylindrical heavy medium concentrators are used to treat ore of 125~38mm and 38~6.4mm respectively, and the heavy medium is 0. 2mm ferrosilicon, and the sorted light products are discarded. Sions in South Africa (the Sishen) concentrator high grade hematite process, wherein there is mixed a small amount of soft shales and a strip of low grade ore containing sand and a thin layer and mining process mixed waste rock. After the ore enters the concentrating plant, it is divided into three grades of 90~32mm, 32~6mm and 6~0mm by crushing sieve; the first two grades adopt cylindrical heavy medium concentrator, and the latter grade adopts heavy medium cyclone Sorting, the medium is ferrosilicon, the sorted light products are tailings, and the heavy products are concentrates with 67% grade.

In 1966, China first used the heavy medium vibration chute and heavy medium cyclone to select weak magnetic iron ore in Longgang Baimiao Concentrator. The heavy medium vibrating chute is 400mm x 5000mm, the processing capacity is 30~35t/h, the ore size is 50~10mm, and when the ore grade is 34.71%, the concentrate grade is 45.54%, the iron recovery rate is 85.96%, The tailings grade is 14.12% technical index; the heavy medium is the grade 56% hematite concentrate. The concentrating grade of the concentrate is 47.55%, and the grade of the tailings is 14.56%, when the φ350mm heavy medium cyclone is used to process the material of 10~2mm. The Fenghuangshan Concentrator uses a 400mm x 5000mm heavy medium vibration chute with a treatment capacity of 25 ~ 30t / h and a particle size of 50 ~ 10mm. When the ore grade is 36.61%, the concentrate grade is 46.47% and the tailing grade is 16.78%. After the Meishan Iron Ore Concentrator has selected the 75-12mm ore by dry magnetic separator, the tailings are sorted by 400mm x 5000mm heavy medium vibrating chute. The heavy medium is magnetite concentrate, which is 30.71% in the ore grade. At the time, the concentrate grade was 42.77%, the iron recovery rate was 48.28%, and the tailings grade was 24.31%. In addition, the Meishan Iron Ore Concentrator has conducted a φ300mm heavy medium cyclone test, the heavy medium is a pyrite concentrate, the ore size is 20~2mm, and the ore grade is 46.72% ~48.39%, fine The ore grade is 49.98% ~ 51.69%.

B jigging dressing

There are many types of jigs for selecting iron ore. China has developed trapezoidal jigs, rectangular jigs, reverberation jigs and large-grained jigs. The Meishan Iron Ore Concentrator uses YMT-75 large-grained jig to select 50~12mm ore in production. When the ore grade is 27.59%, the concentrate grade is 41.41% and the recovery rate is 57.49%. The 2LTC-79-4 rectangular jig was used to select 12~2mm grain grade ore. When the ore grade is 40%~45%, the concentrate grade is 51%, the tailing grade is 20%~25%, and the concentrate is recovered. The rate is 60% ~ 66%. When selecting 2 ~ 0mm grade ore and 35% of the ore grade, the concentrate grade is 50%, the recovery rate is 32%, and the tailings grade is 23% ~ 25%. The jig in the iron ore dressing plant is mainly used to select qualified tailings to obtain coarse concentrate.

C shaker dressing

Shaker beneficiation generally has a particle size range of 0.037 ~ 3mm. When the concave mountain concentrator was put into operation in 1965, the surface oxidized ore was treated, and the magnetic-weight combined process was adopted. The re-election equipment was a double-layer three-layer boring machine . The practice showed that the sorting effect was poor and was replaced by strong magnetic separation. In recent years, trampolines have been used as equipment to assist in the recovery of weakly magnetic iron minerals when individual iron ore dressing plants are processing mixed iron ore. The Dahongshan Iron Ore Concentrator of Kunming Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. treated the magnetite-hematite mixed ore and adopted a weak magnetic-strong magnetic-flotation combined process. Flotation to the mine is a secondary strong magnetic concentrate. Due to various reasons, the selection effect is poor. Now it is changed to the combination of chute and boring machine. 102 sets of Yunxi type boring machine are used. When the ore grade is 46.93%, A concentrate with a yield of 29.67%, a grade of 58.25% and a recovery rate of 70.27% was obtained. When the Hegang Group Zhongshan Mining Company concentrator treated the hematite ore, it used 16 sets of Yunxi-type fine sand boring machine-group-selected other spiral sluice mines to obtain concentrates with about 60% iron grade.

D slippery beneficiation

The equipment belonging to the chute dressing includes a spiral concentrator, a spiral chute, a vibrating spiral chute, a belt chute, a turning bed, and a centrifugal concentrator. There are spiral concentrators, spiral chutes and centrifugal concentrators used in iron ore beneficiation.

a spiral concentrator and spiral slick

Spiral concentrators are used abroad to process medium-grain grade materials, which are more commonly used in Canadian iron ore dressing plants. Wabush concentrator, processing quartz -type weak magnetic iron ore with mirror iron ore, giving a mine particle size of 0.84 ~ 0mm, using 5 sets of rubber-coated Hanfulai spiral concentrator, one coarse and one fine, When the grade is 35%, the concentrate grade is 64%. In 1955, China began to develop a spiral concentrator with a diameter of 600 mn, which has double heads, three heads and four heads. When the Maanshan Gushan Mining Company and the Lushan Concentrator plant selected the washing overflow, the ore grade was 41.70%. The concentrate grade is 56.78% and the iron recovery rate is 75.36%.

Since most of the weak magnetic iron ore in China is composed of fine or fine particles, the selected ore has a fine grain size, and the spiral section is a composite elliptical spiral concentrator. The water layer is deep and the sorting effect is poor. In the mid-1970s, a spiral chute was developed, the cross-sectional shape of which was a cubic parabola, the bottom of the spiral groove was nearly flat, and the water layer was shallow. The ore particle size suitable for treatment was 0.2-20.030 mm. The largest diameter of the spiral is φ2m. In the iron ore dressing plant, the diameters are φ1. 2m and φ1. 5m. Only the weak magnetic ore concentrator in the Anshan area has more than one thousand used in the production. In the stage grinding-rough subdivision-re-selection-magnetic separation-anion reverse flotation combined process, under the condition of coarse grinding grain size (-0.074mm accounting for 55%-70%), after classification, using spiral The chute is sorted and graded to obtain a qualified concentrate of coarse particles. For example, a section of grinding graded overflow granularity of Qi Dashan Iron Ore Concentrator is -0.074mm, accounting for 60% ~ 65%.

After grading by cyclone, the grade of grit is about 30%. The spiral chute is used to sort out the coarse and fine ones, and the technical index of 67% of concentrate grade, 20% of yield and 50% of total concentrate yield is obtained. It reduces the amount of minerals in the next stage of grinding and selection, achieves the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction, and the granular concentrate is conducive to filtration. The spiral chute is the most widely used re-election equipment for iron ore concentrators.

b 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心 离心In 1977, Angang Steel Changling Concentrator used a magnetic separation-re-election combined process to select 720 sets of φ800mm x 600mm centrifugal concentrator for concentrated weak magnetic tailings when selecting the fine-grained magnet-hematite mixed ore. After a coarse and a fine selection, the granules of the weak magnetic tailings were selected by 156 φ1600 mm x 900 mm double-cone centrifugal concentrator to obtain a yield of 8%, a grade of 63.39%, and a recovery rate of 11.19%. The concentrate was now deactivated due to imperfections in the centrifugal concentrator itself. In recent years, the centrifugal concentrator equipment itself has been greatly improved. In the production, the centrifugal concentrator has been applied to select fine-grained weak magnetic iron ore. The Dahongshan Iron Ore Concentrator of Kunming Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. changed the secondary strong magnetic concentrate to the combination of the chute and the boring machine on the basis of the combination of the chute and the boring machine. When the ore grade is about 50%, it is obtained. Centrifugal concentrator concentrate with a yield of 50% and an iron grade of 58% to 60%. Hainan Mining Union Co., Ltd. uses a strong magnetic separation-centrifugal concentrator combination process when dealing with the North Third weak magnetic iron ore. The re-election test was carried out by a centrifugal concentrator once when the ore grade was 52.88%. The concentrate operation yield was 20.46%, the crystal position was 65.59%, and the operation recovery rate was 25.37%. When the ore grade was 52.11%, it was used. The centrifugal concentrator was selected at one time. The concentrate operation yield was 36.59%, the grade was 61.78%, and the operation recovery rate was 43.38%.

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